cases in Sanskrit.

*~The best way to study the cases in Sanskrit. ~*

*राम* is a masculine noun having a अ vowel ending so it is *अ-कारान्त पुल्लिंगी नाम* .

Let us study a prayer of Rama from *श्रीरामरक्षास्तोत्रम्‌* which employs *declensions of the word राम in all eight cases*.

*रामो* राजमणिः सदा विजयते *रामं* रमेशं भजे
*रामेणा*भिहता निशाचरचमू *रामाय* तस्मै नमः ।
*रामान्नास्ति* परायणं परतरं *रामस्य* दासोस्म्यहं
*रामे* चित्तलयः सदा भवतु मे *भो राम* मामुद्धर ॥

All bold letters are depicting first to eighth singular case in order.

(1) *रामो राजमणिः सदा विजयते* = RAma, the jewel among kings is always victorious.

Here the word राम in first case - nominative case - *प्रथमा विभक्तिः* becomes *राम:* and रामः is in sandhi, the visarga *( ; )* becomes *ओ* ; so *राम:* becomes before *रामो*

(2) *रामं रमेशं भजे* = I do devotion to RAma, (hence) to Ramesha (i.e. to ViShNu)

Here राम is in second case - accusative case - *द्वितीया विभक्तिः* and it becomes *रामम्*

(3) *रामेणाभिहता निशाचरचमू:* = Army of nocturnal beings was destroyed by RAma.

Here राम is in third case - instrumental - *तृतीया विभक्तिः* and it becomes *रामेण*

(4) *रामाय तस्मै नमः* = bowing (I bow) unto that RAma.

Here राम is in forth case – dative case - *चतुर्थी विभक्तिः* and it becomes *रामाय*

(5) *रामान्नास्ति परायणम् परतरम्* = There is no better recourse than RAma.

*रामान्नास्ति = रामात् + न + अस्ति* …. ( त् ) becomes ( न्  ) because of sandhi.

Here राम is in fifth case - ablative case - *पञ्चमी विभक्तिः* and it becomes *रामात्*

(6) *रामस्य दासो ऽ स्म्यहम्* = I am servent of RAma

*रामस्य + दासः + अस्मि + अहम्*

Here राम is in the sixth case - genitive case - *षष्ठी विभक्ति:* and it becomes *रामस्य*

(7) *रामे चित्तलय: सदा भवतु मे* = Resting of my mind may always be at Rama

Here राम is in the seventh case -. Locative case - *सप्तमी विभक्ति:* and it becomes *रामे*

(8) *भो राम मामुद्धर = भोः राम माम् उद्धर* = Oh RAma, please uplift me!

Here राम is in eighth case - address case - *संबोधन-विभक्ति:* and it becomes *भो राम*

*So we see how nicely all the cases are arranged in one shloka. Just remember the shloka and master all first person cases of अ-कारान्त पुल्लिंगी नाम.*

I am attaching the shloka file also; just memorise it. 😊👍🏻

.     🍁    *।। शुभम् भवतु ।।*    🍁